Great Cormorant colour-ringing projects in Europe - projects arranged by colour and style

last updated on 16-12-2023

GREAT CORMORANT
Colour-ringing Projects in Europe and Middle East

Arranged by RING COLOUR AND STYLE

bicolor BLUE / WHITE
BLACK
BLUE (dark)
BLUE (light)
GREEN
RED
ORANGE
VIOLET and MAUVE-PINK
WHITE
YELLOW
Combination of more colour rings with inscription
Combination of more colour rings with and without inscription
Combination of more colour rings without inscription

bicolor BLUE / WHITE

Ring colour	Inscription colour	Style	Type	Leg	No. ringed	Years	Note	Project leaders	Ringing scheme
Blue / White	white / blue		2 bicolor		50 78	2013 2014		Matti Åhlund, matti.ahlund@telia.com Tommy Järås, birdcenter@swipnet.se	Sweden

BLACK rings, style 3 or 2
Black rings with a three or two character inscription with a vertical band
See also the Old Danish combinations (1980s and 1990s projects) from which there are no longer reports of birds

Ring colour	Inscription colour	Style	Type	Leg	No. ringed	Years	Note	Project leaders	Ringing scheme
Black	White		3	L, R	157	2000		T. Bregnballe	Denmark
Black	White		3	?	784	2010-2012	The colour-ring project was stopped because in 2013 all cormorants moved from the islands to nest in nearby trees.	report to the Swiss Ornithological Institute, CH-6204 Sempach ring@vogelwarte.ch	Switzerland
Black	White		3	L, R	345	2008-2014	Colour ringing carried out in four colonies. Letter so far used at the beginning of the code: A, C, E, K (other may be used in future) Letters used in second and third positions are: A, C, E, H, J, K, L, N, P, R, T, U, V, X, Y, Z	Project leader Morten Helberg morten.helberg@ibv.uio.no report to www.ringmerking.no/cr	Norway
Black	White		2 cb	L, R	?	1988-91		T. Menke	Germany
Black	White	or or	2	?	267	2001-	Project of the SE Norwegian cormorant ringing group "Åge Sten Fredriksen". intersting about 288 individuals. Used codes were: 00 -> 90, 09 -> 99, A1 -> Z1, A9 -> Z9, 1A -> 1B, 9A -> 9B. Codes that can be read from down-up and up-down, making confusion, have been excluded (e.g. 09, 06, 90, 99)	Å. S.Fredriksen	Norway
Black	White		2	?	-	2012	New project to be commenced in the Channel Islands in the 2012 breeding season	John Horton - Alderney Bird Observatory formerly P. K. Veron / GuerneseyGulls	Jersey

Dark BLUE rings, style 3, 2 or 1h
Dark blue rings with a one to three character inscription
Two character inscription may have a vertical band or a central orizontal line between letters
See also the Old UK and Old Danish combinations (1980s and early 1990s projects) from which there are no longer reports of birds

Ring colour	Inscription colour	Style	Type	Leg	No. ringed	Years	Note	Project leaders	Ringing scheme
Blue	White		3		996	2009-2010	* see project info below and also this leaflet code used in 2009-2010 are 001 - 999	Hiddensee Ringing scheme	Germany
Blue	White		3			2010-2013	codes used in 2010-2012 and 01A-97A ... 01-97T series in 2013 will be used the 01U-97U, ... V-, W-, X-, Y-, Z-series	Hiddensee Ringing scheme	Germany
Blue	White		3			2014	from 2014 code will be: 1A1-1A9,1B1-1B9 and so on	Hiddensee Ringing scheme	Germany
Blue	White		3	L (1998) R ('97, '99)	84	1996-99	Combinations start always with letter A; 2nd and 3rd letters may be: A, C, E, H, J, K, L, N, P, R, S, T, U, V, Y,	P. Musil R. Martincová	Czech Republic
Blue	White		3	R	>3,258	2009-2023	Combinations used are: AA? - AZ?; BA? - BZ?; CA? - CZ?; EA? - EM?; ET? - EZ?; FA? - FZ?; HA? - HY?; JA?-JY?; KC?, where ? can be: A, B, C, E, F, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z	Estonian Ringing Centre matsalu@envir.ee	Estonia
Blue	White		3	?		2012	Combinations used are: A01, A02 ...A99 C01, C02 ... C99 ...	Karlis Millers	Latvia
Blue	White		2	R	30	2000	Combinations start with letter A or B; 2nd letter may be: A, B, C, D, E, H, I, J, K, O, P, S, T, U, X, Z.	P. Musil R. Martincová	Czech Republic
Blue	White		2			2001-	Combinations from NA to ZZ will be reserved for use in England colonies	S. Newson	UK
Blue	White	or or	2 ob	L, R	?	1995-99 2000-02		S. Newson	UK
Blue	White		2 cb	L, R	?	1996-		S. Newson	UK	see an example

* Project info: from 2009 on, nestlings and adults at breeding sites exclusively, in federal states of:
- Brandenburg: 150- 200 Ind./year (max. 1.000 Ind./5 years),
- Saxony: 150 - 200 Ind. / year (max. 1.000 Ind. / 5 years),
- Saxony-Anhalt: 100 – 150 BP / year (max. 700 / 5 years),
- Mecklenburg-Vorpommern : 150 – 200 Ind. / year (max. 1.000 Ind. / 5 years).

inscription code: three-digit letter-number in 2009 till 2010: starting from 001–999, later 11A, 22A etc.

Light BLUE rings, style 3
Light blue rings with a three character inscription (code unknown)
See also the Old UK combinations (1980s and eraly 1990s projects) from which there are no longer reports of birds

Ring colour	Inscription colour	Style	Type	Leg	No. ringed	Years	Project leaders	Ringing scheme
Blue (light)	Black

GREEN rings, style 3 or 2
Green (light or dark) rings with a three or two character inscription (with or witout a vertical band)
Three character inscription rings are sometimes combined with a small plain colour ring
See also the Old UK combinations (1980s and eraly 1990s projects) from which there are no longer reports of birds

Ring colour	Inscription colour	Style	Type	Leg	No. ringed	Years	Note	Project leaders	Ringing scheme
LIME (pale green)	Black		3	left	840	2006-2009	code 000 - 997 example (see also the Dutch example)	M. Antoniazza report sightings to the Swiss Ornithological Institute, CH-6204 Sempach ring@vogelwarte.ch	Switzerland
Green	White		3			2023-	Project on Puffin Island, Wales. Codes assigned to the project 000-499	Stephen Dodd sg.dodd@yahoo.com puffin.island.cormorants@googlemail.com	UK
Green	White		3			2015		Ioana Damoc (Cobzaru) ioana.cobzaru@ibiol.ro ioana402@yahoo.com	Romania
Green	White		3	?	?	1996- ?		Ioana Damoc (Cobzaru) ioana.cobzaru@ibiol.ro ioana402@yahoo.com	Romania
Green	White	or	3	R	352 in 5 colonies	2005-2012	This project is a collaboration between Aves (http://www.aves.be/index.php?id=1391), DEMNA (Département d'étude du milieu naturel et agricole - Wallonia) and INBO (Instituut voor natuur- en bosonderzoek - Flanders). to report an observation: https://submit.cr-birding.org/projects/36/	Jérémy Simar and Koen Devos	Belgium
Green	White		3	?	50 / year	2006	Project on Puffin Island, Wales.Combinations used: first CAA ... CZZ	Sara Bone puffin.island.cormorants@googlemail.com	UK
Green	White		3			2015		Ioana Damoc (Cobzaru) ioana.cobzaru@ibiol.ro ioana402@yahoo.com	Romania
Green	White					1993-1995		J. Jezierski	Poland
Green	White					1995-1998		J. Jezierski	Poland
Green	White		3			2015->		Ioana Damoc (Cobzaru) ioana.cobzaru@ibiol.ro ioana402@yahoo.com	Romania
Green	White	or	3	?	?	2013	Mid and last letters range between A and Z	Ioana Damoc (Cobzaru) ioana.cobzaru@ibiol.ro ioana402@yahoo.com	Romania
Green	White					1999-2001, 2004		S. Bzoma - J. Jezierski	Poland
Green	White		3	?	50 / year	2001-	10 yrs project at Denny Island. Combinations used: first PAA ... PZZ	Richard Clarke chykembro2@aol.com	UK
Green	White					2002-2008		S. Bzoma - K. Kaczmarek	Poland
Green	White		3	?	50 / year	2001-	10 yrs project at Denny Island. Combinations used: then SAA ... SZZ	Richard Clarkechykembro2@aol.com	UK
Green	White					2005-2008		K. Kaczmarek	Poland
Green	White					2006-2009		S. Bzoma - J. Jezierski - G. Kiljan - K. Kaczmarek	Poland
Green	White					2007-2008	with the exclusion of codes: from V W A to VZA used in Finland and from VPA and V V A used in Estonia see below	K. Kaczmarek	Poland
Green	White	... ...	3	R		2007	Combinations used are: from V P A - V P Z to V V A - V V Z and from W A A to W E N	S. van Rijn	Estonia
Green	White	... ...	3	R		2007	Combinations used are: from V W A - V W Z to V Z A - V Z Z and W J A - W J Z	Finnish Ringing Centre	Finland
Green	White	...	3	R		2007	Combinations used are: from W E P - W E Z to W H A - W H Z	S. van Rijn A. Gaginskaya	Russia
Green	White		3	?	?	2015->		Ioana Damoc (Cobzaru) ioana.cobzaru@ibiol.ro ioana402@yahoo.com	Romania
Green	White		3	?	?	2015->		Ioana Damoc (Cobzaru) ioana.cobzaru@ibiol.ro ioana402@yahoo.com	Romania
Green	White		3	?	50 / year	2015	Project on Puffin Island, Wales.Combinations used: first ZAA ... ZZZ	Stephen Dodd sg.dodd@yahoo.com puffin.island.cormorants@googlemail.com	UK
Green	White		3	-	1,980	1991 1996-2004	A few birds (ringed in 1996) have a small GREEN or BLUE plastic ring above the metal ring on the other leg	T. Bregnballe Jacob Sterup	Denmark
Green	White		3	L, R	1,971	1986-1991, 1996, 2003	A few birds (ringed in 1996) have a small GREEN or BLUE plastic ring above the metal ring on the other leg	T. Bregnballe Jacob Sterup	Denmark
Green	White		3	L, R	1,343	1997-1999		T. Bregnballe Jacob Sterup	Denmark
Green	White		3	L, R	1,242	1999-2000		T. Bregnballe Jacob Sterup	Denmark
Green	White		3	L, R	1,245	2000-2002		T. Bregnballe Jacob Sterup	Denmark
Green	White		3	L, (R only few)	1,595	2001-2006		T. Bregnballe Jacob Sterup	Denmark
Green	White	or	2	?	ca. 250	1997-99		S. van Rijn	Netherlands
LIME (pale green)	Black		2			2007-	photo by: Jean-François Le Bihan http://jeanfrancois.lebihan.free.fr	S. van Rijn	Netherlands
Green	White		2 cb	R	ca. 450	1993-2001		S. van Rijn	Netherlands
Green	White	or	2 cb	?	ca. 250	1999-2001		S. van Rijn	Netherlands
Green	White		2	?	?	2015		S. van Rijn	Netherlands

RED rings, style 3 or 2
Red rings with a three or two character inscription (with or without a vertical band)
See also the Old UK and Old Danish combinations (1980s and early 1990s projects) from which there are no longer reports of birds

Ring colour	Inscription colour	Style	Type	Leg	No. ringed	Years	Note	Project leaders	Ringing scheme
Red	White		4	R		2018-		Lithuanian Bird Ringing Centre likcentras@gmail.com	Lithuania
Red	White		3	L, R	1,110	1986-1988 2000		T. Bregnballe Jacob Sterup	Denmark
Red	White		3	L	1,712	2003-2004 (2005 few)	Codes used in Denmark were: AA1-PH7 in 2003 PH8-VJ0 in 2004 (2005)	T. Bregnballe Jacob Sterup	Denmark
Red	White		3	L	113	2006 2008	1AA - 3AT in 2006 0-9 KA - 0-9 KV (140) 0-9 LA - 0-9 LV (140) 0-9 NA - 0-9 NV (128) 0-9 PA - 0-9 PV (140)	T. Bregnballe Jacob Sterup	Denmark
Red	White		3	L, R	?	1989-91		T. Menke	Germany
Red	White		3	?	?	?		T. Menke	Germany
Red	White		3	?	?	2012-2014	code used from 2012 on ...	T. Bregnballe Jacob Sterup	Denmark
Red	White		3	?	100	2003	Codes with letters CL, CN, CP, CR, CS, CT, CU, CV, EA and EC used in Norway. Note that other letter were used in Denmark	Å.S. Fredriksen	Norway
Red	White		3	?	279	2004	Combinations ranging from A1A-C0V were used in 2004 and will continue from E1A in 2005	Å.S. Fredriksen	Norway
Red	White		2	L/R	> 500	1996-97 / 2016-2018	1996-97 (left tarsus) / 2016-2018 (right tarsus)	S. van Rijn	Netherlands
Red	White	or	2	L	ca. 300	1998-99		S. van Rijn	Netherlands
Red	White		2 cb	L	ca. 400	1999-2000		S. van Rijn	Netherlands
Red	Red	or	2 cb	L	ca. 300	2001-2002		S. van Rijn	Netherlands	see a sample
Red	Red		2	R		2023	The project will start in 2023 at Het Vogelmeer, Nationaal Park Zuid-Kennemerland, Bloemendaal, Noord-Holland, Nederland. The following codes will be used 2A-2Z and 4A-4Z	Erik Maassen erikijmuiden @ hotmail.com	Netherlands
Red	White		2 cb	L, R	?	1988-91		T. Menke	Germany
Red	White		1 b	?	?	?		T. Menke	Germany

ORANGE rings, style 4, 3, 2 or 1h
Orange rings with a one, two, three or four character inscription
Some two character inscription have a central horizontal line between letters
See also the Old UK combinations (1980s and eraly 1990s projects) from which there are no longer reports of birds

Ring colour	Inscription colour	Style	Type	Leg	No. ringed	Years / Notes	Project leaders	Ringing scheme
Orange	Black		4	L, R	547 >100 <20	Po Delta 1997-2007 Lombardia 2005-2007 Friuli Venezia Giulia 2010-11	S. Volponi A. Boto B. Cimador	Italy
Orange	Black		3	L		project started in 2021 ringing location: Cheshire, UK used codes are: 001, 002 ... 300 ... 599	Kieran Foster kieranfoster@yahoo.co.uk	UK
Orange	Black		3	?	?	2001-	Jez Blackburn jez.blackburn@bto.org	UK
Orange	Black	or	3	L		Project at Abberton Reservoir, near Colchester, Essex codes start with C followed by 2 letters or by 1 letter and 1 number latest series: David Dutton: CT or CV + letter or number	Chas Holt - chasholt99@gmail.com	UK
Orange	Black		3	R, L	2013-2014: 30	West Cornwall Ringing Group code starts with T (e.g. TAA...TZZ)	markyjee@gmail.com	UK
Orange	White		2	R L	?	1992 1993	BTO colour.ringing@bto.org	UK
Orange	Black		2	L	?	1994 1996-1997	BTO colour.ringing@bto.org	UK
Orange	White		2	L	some	1997	BTO colour.ringing@bto.org	UK
Orange	Black		2 ob	L	?	1998	BTO colour.ringing@bto.org	UK
Orange	Black		2 cb	L	?	?	BTO colour.ringing@bto.org	UK
Orange	Black		2 dcb			2010 - (codes range from A \|\| A to Z \|\| Z)	S. van Rijn	Netherlands

VIOLET or MAUVE-PINK style 3, or 2
Rings with a two or three character inscription
See also the Old UK combinations (1980s and eraly 1990s projects) from which there are no longer reports of birds

Ring colour	Inscription colour	Style	Type	Leg	No. ringed	Years	Project leaders	Ringing scheme
Mauve-pink	Black		3	L	1500	1999	(V. Siochin) N. Baccetti	(Ukraine) Italy

WHITE rings, style 4, 3, 2 or 1h
White rings with one to four character inscription
(two carachter inscription may have a vertical band)
See also the Old UK and Old Danish combinations (1980s and early 1990s projects) from which there are no longer reports of birds

Ring colour	Inscription colour	Style	Type	Leg	No. ringed	Years	Note	Project leaders	Ringing scheme
White	Black	or				2022-	White rings with black inscription, starting with J followed by three letters / numbers. Alphanumeric codes codes Jxxx or Jnnn ring reporting adress www.ringmerking.no, post@ringmerking.no	Morten Helberg morten.helberg@birdlife.no	Norway
White	Black		4	?	50+	1983-91 2000		P.T. Rusanen	Finland
White	Black		3	L, R	1,721	1997-2002		T. Bregnballe Jacob Sterup	Denmark
White	Black		3	L, R	118	2002-2003	Combinations ranging from 1AA-0AT have been used so far	T. Bregnballe Jacob Sterup	Denmark
White	Black		3	L, R	196	1983-85		P. Mayewski	Poland
White	Black		3			2016->	New project starting in spring 2016 codes range from AAA to BZZ	Peter Szinai szinai@freemail.hu	Hungary
White	Black		3			2012->	New project promoted by the Evros Delta Management Agency starting in spring 2012	Yanis Fakriadis	Greece
White	Black		2	L	200	1983-84		S. van Rijn	Netherlands
White	Black		2 cb	L	200	1987-88		S. van Rijn	Netherlands
White	Black	or or or	2 or 2 cb	L	ca. 500	1991-95		S. van Rijn	Netherlands
White	Green		3	?	?	1998	see here some results	Raymond Duncan	UK
White	Red	or or	3	L	374	2011-20xx	Project carried on in Ireland - White ring with red (3 character) vertical codes (left Leg) and a BTO metal ring on the right leg. Combinations used for the project carrid on in Ireland are a mix of letters and numbers but all rings used in Ireland start with a letter from A to L First birds ringed in June 2011	Tom Kealy kealyfab@gmail.com	UK
White	Red	or	3	L	?	2011 -	The combinations used are a mix of letters and numbers but all rings start with one of the following letters: N, P, R, S, T, U, X, Y or Z Ringer: Manx Ringing Group Location: Isle of Man, British Isles Contact: Mark Fitzpatrick Website: manxringinggroup.blogspot.co.uk Email: manxrg@gmail.com Details, pictures etc.: go to the website for details of projects and photos of some birds		UK
White	Red		2 dcb	?	?	1988-91		T. Menke	Germany

YELLOW rings, style 4, 3, or 2
Yellow rings with a two or three character inscription
(rings with two character inscription may have a vertical band)
See also the Old UK and Old Danish combinations (1980s and early 1990s projects) from which there are no longer reports of birds

Ring colour	Inscription colour	Style	Type	Leg	No. ringed	Years	Note	Project leaders	Ringing scheme
Yellow	Black		4		1000	2017, 2020	Code are: 1000, 1001 ... 3000 Almost 1,000 cormorants were ringed in Mongolia in 2017 with yellow rings with a numerical codes (1001 - 2000). In 2020 new ringing will be carried on using codes from 2000-3000.	Prof. M. Stubbe annegret.stubbe@zoologie.uni-halle.de Christof.Herrmann Christof.Herrmann@lung.mv-regierung.de	Germany
Yellow	Black		4		1000	2013-2018	Code are: A000...A999 see an example	Ingo Ludwichowski (NABU-Wallnau)	Germany
Yellow	Black		4		280	2019-2021	Code are: F001...F999 Results of ringing and resighting and webcam looking at the colony in Wallnau	Ingo Ludwichowski (NABU-Wallnau)	Germany
Yellow	Black		4		280	2022-2024	Code are: H001...H999	Ingo Ludwichowski (NABU-Wallnau)	Germany
Yellow	Black	L001...L999	4		280	2024-	Code are: L001...L999	Ingo Ludwichowski (NABU-Wallnau)	Germany
Yellow	Black		4		2007 to 08/03/2008: 64	2007-2008 (a)	the project is aimed to study movement of ADULT birds The first letter is always S, followed by a combinationof the of the following letters: A, B, C, D, F, H, J, K, L, M, N, P	J. Aymerich (Group d'Anellament de Celldetenes - Osona)	Spain
Yellow	Black		4	L		2016-	The project involve ringing nestlings using code like: SRAA-SRZZ, SSAA-SSZZ, STAA-STZZ, SUAA-SUZZ, SVAA-SVZZ, SWAA-SWZZ, SXAA-SXZZ	Doñana Biological Station Bird Ringing Office http://anillamiento.ebd.csic.es e-mail: anillamiento@ebd.csic.es	Spain
Yellow	Black		3	?	?	?	The inscription numbers are indicating the year of birth and the breeding colony the birds stem from but not the different individuals themselves.	A. Siefke	Germany
Yellow	Black		3	L, R	500	1985-91	The inscription numbers are indicating the year of birth and the breeding colony the birds stem from but not the different individuals themselves.	U. Koeppen	Germany
Yellow	Black		3	?	165	2008-2009		S. Bzoma	Poland
Yellow	Black		3	?	?	2011	three letters, combinatins used: from AFH to AUA	Jacek.Jezierski	Poland
Yellow	Black		3	L	239 (2009)	2009-2012	three letters, first could be: A or B or E or F (later on also or H or J or K)	S. Bzoma	Poland
Yellow	Black		3			2012	First letter is always a C	Jim Lennon jjlennon17@gmail.com	UK
Yellow	Black		3	L, R	?	2010 -	Project of Rutland Water ringing group. Combinations always use a combination of letters (starting at the end of the alphabet) and numbers	Garry Barker gbarker2@btinternet.com	UK
Yellow	Black	or or or	2 or 2 cb	R	ca. 500	1991-95		S. van Rijn	Netherlands
Yellow	Black		2	R	200	1985-86		S. van Rijn	Netherlands
Yellow	Black		2	D	ca. 50	2003		A. Barati	Iran
Yellow	Black		2 cb	R	200	1989-91		S. van Rijn	Netherlands

COMBINATIONS OF MORE THAN A COLOUR RING
- WITH INSCRIPTION -

Style 1 / 1 -
Two rings of different colour each bearing a single character (vertical) inscription
See also the Old UK combinations (1980s and eraly 1990s projects) from which there are no longer reports of birds

Ring colour	Inscription colour	Style	Type	Leg	No. ringed	Years	Project leaders	Ringing scheme
White +White	Black + Black		1/1	R	66	2005	Dagys Mindaugas	Lithuania
Green + White	White + White		1/1	R	66	2005-2008	Dagys Mindaugas	Lithuania
Red + White	White + Black		1/1	R	66	2005-2008	Dagys Mindaugas	Lithuania

* Lithuanian projects:
code used for the below ring (A): A, B, C
code used for the upper ring (B): A, B, C, E, F, H, I, L, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y

COMBINATION OF
TWO OR MORE COLOUR RINGS
WITH AND WITHOUT INSCRIPTION

LEFT leg			RIGHT leg
Ring colours	Ring style		Ring colours	Ring style		No. ringed	Years	Project leader	Ringing scheme
		M + Ps + Ps			Ps + 2cb		2002 2003	G. Debout	France
		M + Ps + Ps		or	Ps + 2cb or Ps + 3cb		2002 2013	G. Debout	France

Colour-ringing is carried out in two P. c. carbo norman colonies. Ring combinations include: on the left leg a metal ring of the Museum of Paris plus a single colour-ring; on the right leg a colour-ring plus an inscripted white or blue ring (depending on the colony). Inscription include a letter (C or M depending on the colony), a central vertical band, and a number (2, 3 and so on depending on the year of ringing).

COMBINATIONS OF MORE THAN A COLOUR RING
- WITHOUT INSCRIPTION -

Style Ps or Pl -
Small or large plain single ring without inscription sometimes combined with the metal ring
See also the Old UK combinations (1980s and eraly 1990s projects) from which there are no longer reports of birds

Ring colour	Style	Leg	No. ringed	Years	Project leaders	Ringing scheme
	Ps	L	50	1980	L. Linden	Sweden
	Ps	L	195	1981-85	L. Linden	Sweden
?	Ps	?	?	1986-91	L. Linden	Sweden

Style Ps/Ps or Ps/Ps/Ps plus M/Ps

A combination of two or three small plain rings (without inscription) on the same leg (right or left) and of a metal ring, or
one or two small colour ring plus a metal ring, on the other leg

Used colours	Style		Leg	No. ringed	Years	Project leaders	Ringing scheme	Example
		Ps/Ps + Ps/M	L, R	595	from 1989 to 1993	L. Marion	France
		Ps/Ps/Ps + M	L, R	409	1996, 2000, 2003	L. Marion	France
		Ps/Ps + Ps/Ps/ M	L, R	1400	from 1992 to 1995 from 1997 to 2002 2004	L. Marion	France
		Ps/Ps/Ps + Ps/ M	L, R	629	2005 from 2007 to 2012	L. Marion	France