HOLLAND B.R., SPENCER H.G., WORTHY T.H.
& KENNEDY M. 2010. Identifying Cliques of Convergent
Characters: Concerted Evolution in the Cormorants and Shags. Syst.
Biol., 59(4): 433–445. [Abstract.
— A phylogenetic tree comprising clades with high bootstrap
values or other strong measures of statistical support is usually
interpreted as providing a good estimate of the true phylogeny.
Convergent evolution acting on groups of characters in concert,
however, can lead to highly supported but erroneous phylogenies.
Identifying such groups of phylogenetically misleading characters
is obviously desirable. Here we present a procedure that uses an
independent data source to identify sets of characters that have
undergone concerted convergent evolution. We examine the
problematic case of the cormorants and shags, for which trees
constructed using osteological and molecular characters both have
strong statistical support and yet are fundamentally incongruent.
We find that the osteological characters can be separated into
those that fit the phylogenetic history implied by the molecular
data set and those that do not. Moreover, these latter nonfitting
osteological characters are internally consistent and form groups
of mutually compatible characters or “cliques,” which
are significantly larger than cliques of shuffled characters.We
suggest, therefore, that these cliques of characters are the
result of similar selective pressures and are a signature of
concerted convergence.]
Martínez-Abraín
A., Velando A., Genovart M., Gerique C., Bartolomé M. A.,
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318: 271-276.
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shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis on the Iberian Peninsula
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Velando A., Munilla I. & Leyenda P. M.
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marine top predator: changes in prey availability for European
shags. Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser., 302: 263–274.
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HOLLAND B.R., SPENCER H.G., WORTHY T.H.
& KENNEDY M. 2010. Identifying Cliques of Convergent
Characters: Concerted Evolution in the Cormorants and Shags. Syst.
Biol., 59(4): 433–445. [Abstract.
— A phylogenetic tree comprising clades with high bootstrap
values or other strong measures of statistical support is usually
interpreted as providing a good estimate of the true phylogeny.
Convergent evolution acting on groups of characters in concert,
however, can lead to highly supported but erroneous phylogenies.
Identifying such groups of phylogenetically misleading characters
is obviously desirable. Here we present a procedure that uses an
independent data source to identify sets of characters that have
undergone concerted convergent evolution. We examine the
problematic case of the cormorants and shags, for which trees
constructed using osteological and molecular characters both have
strong statistical support and yet are fundamentally incongruent.
We find that the osteological characters can be separated into
those that fit the phylogenetic history implied by the molecular
data set and those that do not. Moreover, these latter nonfitting
osteological characters are internally consistent and form groups
of mutually compatible characters or “cliques,” which
are significantly larger than cliques of shuffled characters.We
suggest, therefore, that these cliques of characters are the
result of similar selective pressures and are a signature of
concerted convergence.]